Standard library header <random>

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This header is part of the pseudo-random number generation library.

Uniform random bit generator requirements
(C++20)
 specifies that a type qualifies as a uniform random bit generator
(concept)
Random number engines
(C++11)
 implements linear congruential algorithm
(class template)
(C++11)
 implements Mersenne twister algorithm
(class template)
(C++11)
 implements a subtract-with-carry ( lagged Fibonacci) algorithm
(class template)
Random number engine adaptors
(C++11)
 discards some output of a random number engine
(class template)
(C++11)
 packs the output of a random number engine into blocks of a specified number of bits
(class template)
(C++11)
 delivers the output of a random number engine in a different order
(class template)
Predefined generators
minstd_rand0(C++11) std::linear_congruential_engine<std::uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647>

Discovered in 1969 by Lewis, Goodman and Miller, adopted as "Minimal standard" in 1988 by Park and Miller

minstd_rand(C++11) std::linear_congruential_engine<std::uint_fast32_t, 48271, 0, 2147483647>

Newer "Minimum standard", recommended by Park, Miller, and Stockmeyer in 1993

mt19937(C++11)

std::mersenne_twister_engine<std::uint_fast32_t, 32, 624, 397, 31,
                             0x9908b0df, 11,
                             0xffffffff, 7,
                             0x9d2c5680, 15,
                             0xefc60000, 18, 1812433253>
32-bit Mersenne Twister by Matsumoto and Nishimura, 1998

mt19937_64(C++11)

std::mersenne_twister_engine<std::uint_fast64_t, 64, 312, 156, 31,
                             0xb5026f5aa96619e9, 29,
                             0x5555555555555555, 17,
                             0x71d67fffeda60000, 37,
                             0xfff7eee000000000, 43, 6364136223846793005>
64-bit Mersenne Twister by Matsumoto and Nishimura, 2000

ranlux24_base(C++11) std::subtract_with_carry_engine<std::uint_fast32_t, 24, 10, 24>
ranlux48_base(C++11) std::subtract_with_carry_engine<std::uint_fast64_t, 48, 5, 12>
ranlux24(C++11) std::discard_block_engine<std::ranlux24_base, 223, 23>

24-bit RANLUX generator by Martin Lüscher and Fred James, 1994

ranlux48(C++11) std::discard_block_engine<std::ranlux48_base, 389, 11>

48-bit RANLUX generator by Martin Lüscher and Fred James, 1994

knuth_b(C++11) std::shuffle_order_engine<std::minstd_rand0, 256>
default_random_engine implementation-defined
Non-deterministic random numbers
(C++11)
 non-deterministic random number generator using hardware entropy source
(class)
Uniform distributions
(C++11)
 produces integer values evenly distributed across a range
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values evenly distributed across a range
(class template)
Bernoulli distributions
(C++11)
 produces bool values on a Bernoulli distribution.
(class)
(C++11)
 produces integer values on a binomial distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces integer values on a negative binomial distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces integer values on a geometric distribution.
(class template)
Poisson distributions
(C++11)
 produces integer values on a poisson distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values on an exponential distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values on an gamma distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values on a Weibull distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values on an extreme value distribution.
(class template)
Normal distributions
(C++11)
 produces real values on a standard normal (Gaussian) distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values on a lognormal distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values on a chi-squared distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values on a Cauchy distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values on a Fisher's F-distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values on a Student's t-distribution.
(class template)
Sampling distributions
(C++11)
 produces random integers on a discrete distribution.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values distributed on constant subintervals.
(class template)
(C++11)
 produces real values distributed on defined subintervals.
(class template)
Utilities
(C++11)
 evenly distributes real values of given precision across [0, 1)
(function template)
(C++11)
 general-purpose bias-eliminating scrambled seed sequence generator
(class)

Synopsis

#include <initializer_list>
namespace std {
  // uniform random bit generator requirements
  template<class G>
    concept UniformRandomBitGenerator = /*see below*/;
 
  // class template linear_congruential_engine
  template<class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
  class linear_congruential_engine;
  // class template mersenne_twister_engine
  template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
           UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
           UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
  class mersenne_twister_engine;
  // class template subtract_with_carry_engine
  template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
  class subtract_with_carry_engine;
  // class template discard_block_engine
  template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
  class discard_block_engine;
  // class template independent_bits_engine
  template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
  class independent_bits_engine;
  // class template shuffle_order_engine
  template<class Engine, size_t k>
  class shuffle_order_engine;
  // engines and engine adaptors with predefined parameters
  using minstd_rand0 = /*see description*/ ;
  using minstd_rand = /*see description*/ ;
  using mt19937 = /*see description*/ ;
  using mt19937_64 = /*see description*/ ;
  using ranlux24_base = /*see description*/ ;
  using ranlux48_base = /*see description*/ ;
  using ranlux24 = /*see description*/ ;
  using ranlux48 = /*see description*/ ;
  using knuth_b = /*see description*/ ;
  using default_random_engine = /*see description*/ ;
  // class random_device
  class random_device;
 
  // class seed_seq
  class seed_seq;
  // function template generate_canonical
  template<class RealType, size_t bits, class URBG>
  RealType generate_canonical(URBG& g);
  // class template uniform_int_distribution
  template<class IntType = int>
  class uniform_int_distribution;
  // class template uniform_real_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class uniform_real_distribution;
  // class bernoulli_distribution
  class bernoulli_distribution;
  // class template binomial_distribution
  template<class IntType = int>
  class binomial_distribution;
  // class template geometric_distribution
  template<class IntType = int>
  class geometric_distribution;
  // class template negative_binomial_distribution
  template<class IntType = int>
  class negative_binomial_distribution;
  // class template poisson_distribution
  template<class IntType = int>
  class poisson_distribution;
  // class template exponential_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class exponential_distribution;
  // class template gamma_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class gamma_distribution;
  // class template weibull_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class weibull_distribution;
  // class template extreme_value_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class extreme_value_distribution;
  // class template normal_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class normal_distribution;
  // class template lognormal_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class lognormal_distribution;
  // class template chi_squared_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class chi_squared_distribution;
  // class template cauchy_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class cauchy_distribution;
  // class template fisher_f_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class fisher_f_distribution;
  // class template student_t_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class student_t_distribution;
  // class template discrete_distribution
  template<class IntType = int>
  class discrete_distribution;
  // class template piecewise_constant_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class piecewise_constant_distribution;
  // class template piecewise_linear_distribution
  template<class RealType = double>
  class piecewise_linear_distribution;
}
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